Ottawa
Ontario, Canada
45.30 ° N
75.65 ° W
374 ft
Cool temperate moist forest
Dfb Mild continental humid climate
+
DCbc Temperate continental climate with warm summer with very cold winter
Traditional Koppen classification: Dfb (Mild continental humid climate)

Official definition:
  • D – temperature of the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of the coldest month is less than or equal to -3 °C.
  • f – precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year.
  • b - temperature of each of the four warmest months is higher than 10°C, but the temperature of the warmest month is less than 22 °C

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10 °C, but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3 °C. In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Just like the Dfa type, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year. In comparison to the Dfa however, summer is slightly colder and the warmest month does not have average temperature above 22 °C. The highest summer temperatures are still usually between 30 and 35 °C, in the winter it drops to -10 to -35 °C.

Precipitation is higher in the summer, but the difference is not very large. Most of the precipitation in the summer occurs during thunderstorms and so quite often there are longer dry periods between them.

This Dfb category includes for example parts of Northern U.S. (for example Buffalo or Calgary), Southern part of Canada (for example Ottawa), Southern part of Russia (for example Vladivostok), Western part of Central Europe or Southern part of Scandinavia (for example Helsinki).


Modern Trewartha classification: DCbc (Temperate continental climate with warm summer with very cold winter)

In the Trewartha classification, the category D is like in the Koppen classification, assigned to regions in the temperate zone. The criterion for this type of climate is four to seven months with average temperature of more than 10 °C. In general it is further subdivided into two subtypes: oceanic and continental. These differ in their average temperature of the coldest month.

Temperate climate is characterized by four distinct seasons and there are substantial differences between the temperatures in the summer and in the winter, but the absolute values are not so extreme and the change is gradual.

The continental subtype is typical for regions located more inland and this also means the temperature variation is larger than that in case of the oceanic subtype. The coldest month has an average temperature of less than 0 °C. Summers are usually warmer, while winters colder with snow being quite common.

Continental D climate type can be found for example in parts of Northeast U.S., Central and Eastern Europe and usually these areas are quite densely inhabited.

  • warm summer: warmest month with average temperature between 18 and 23 °C
  • very cold winter: coldest month with average temperature between -10 and -25 °C

Summary

43 °F
34 / 51
34.3 in
141 days
63 %
5 h 26 min/day


Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F) 5.07.019.034.045.055.060.057.049.039.029.012.0 34.0
Avg Temperature(°F) 13.015.027.043.055.065.069.067.058.047.035.019.0 43.0
Max Temperature (°F) 20.024.035.051.065.074.080.076.067.055.041.026.0 51.0
Range 15.017.016.017.020.019.020.019.018.016.012.014.0 17.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Min Temperature Jul Jan 55.0°F
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 56.0°F
Max Temperature Jul Jan 60.0°F
Temperature range May, Jul Nov 75.0°F
Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Min Temperature 45.0 19.0 32.67 26.0 60.0 55.0 57.33 5.0 49.0 29.0 39.00 20.0 12.0 5.0 8.00 7.0
Avg Temperature 55.0 27.0 41.67 28.0 69.0 65.0 67.00 4.0 58.0 35.0 46.67 23.0 19.0 13.0 15.67 6.0
Max Temperature 65.0 35.0 50.33 30.0 80.0 74.0 76.67 6.0 67.0 41.0 54.33 26.0 26.0 20.0 23.33 6.0

Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F) 13.015.027.043.055.065.069.067.058.047.035.019.0 43.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 56.0°F
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Temperature 55.0 27.0 41.67 28.0 69.0 65.0 67.00 4.0 58.0 35.0 46.67 23.0 19.0 13.0 15.67 6.0


Humidity
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%) 75.074.067.056.053.056.053.054.059.062.070.075.0 43.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Humidity Jan, Dec May, Jul 22.0%
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Humidity 67.0 53.0 58.67 14.0 56.0 53.0 54.33 3.0 70.0 59.0 63.67 11.0 75.0 74.0 74.67 1.0


Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.02.02.22.63.03.33.43.53.33.03.22.9 2.9 34.3
Wetdays 131312111111111011111314 12 141
Wetdays ratio (%) 41.9
13,18		46.4
13,15		38.7
12,19		36.7
11,19		35.5
11,20		36.7
11,19		35.5
11,20		32.3
10,21		36.7
11,19		35.5
11,20		43.3
13,17		45.2
14,17		 38.6
38.6301,61.3699


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Aug Feb Summer Winter 1.5in
Wetdays Dec Aug Autumn Summer 4
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 3.0 2.2 0.8 7.8 3.5 3.3 0.2 10.2 3.3 3.0 0.4 9.5 2.9 2.0 0.9 6.9
Wetdays 12 11 1 34 11 10 1 32 47 11 36 93 14 13 1 40

Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.02.02.22.63.03.33.43.53.33.03.22.9 2.9 34.3


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Aug Feb Summer Winter 1.5in
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 3.0 2.2 0.8 7.8 3.5 3.3 0.2 10.2 3.3 3.0 0.4 9.5 2.9 2.0 0.9 6.9


Sunlight / Day length
+

Max day length Min day length Sunlight/Day length
Jan 180 min
3 h 0 min 		550 min
9 h 10 min
550,890 		582 min
9 h 42 min
(31.1.)
582,858 		527 min
8 h 47 min
(1.1.)
527,913 		32.7 %
180,370
Feb 233 min
3 h 53 min 		625 min
10 h 25 min
625,815 		667 min
11 h 7 min
(29.2.)
667,773 		585 min
9 h 45 min
(1.2.)
585,855 		37.3 %
233,392
Mar 270 min
4 h 30 min 		718 min
11 h 58 min
718,722 		765 min
12 h 45 min
(31.3.)
765,675 		670 min
11 h 10 min
(1.3.)
670,770 		37.6 %
270,448
Apr 336 min
5 h 36 min 		813 min
13 h 33 min
813,627 		856 min
14 h 16 min
(30.4.)
856,584 		769 min
12 h 49 min
(1.4.)
769,671 		41.3 %
336,477
May 445 min
7 h 25 min 		894 min
14 h 54 min
894,546 		924 min
15 h 24 min
(31.5.)
924,516 		858 min
14 h 18 min
(1.5.)
858,582 		49.8 %
445,449
Jun 500 min
8 h 20 min 		935 min
15 h 35 min
935,505 		938 min
15 h 38 min
(20.6.)
938,502 		925 min
15 h 25 min
(1.6.)
925,515 		53.5 %
500,435
Jul 543 min
9 h 3 min 		913 min
15 h 13 min
913,527 		934 min
15 h 34 min
(1.7.)
934,506 		883 min
14 h 43 min
(31.7.)
883,557 		59.5 %
543,370
Aug 491 min
8 h 11 min 		840 min
14 h 0 min
840,600 		881 min
14 h 41 min
(1.8.)
881,559 		797 min
13 h 17 min
(31.8.)
797,643 		58.4 %
491,349
Sep 346 min
5 h 46 min 		749 min
12 h 29 min
749,691 		794 min
13 h 14 min
(1.9.)
794,646 		703 min
11 h 43 min
(30.9.)
703,737 		46.2 %
346,403
Oct 261 min
4 h 21 min 		654 min
10 h 54 min
654,786 		700 min
11 h 40 min
(1.10.)
700,740 		609 min
10 h 9 min
(31.10.)
609,831 		39.9 %
261,393
Nov 156 min
2 h 36 min 		570 min
9 h 30 min
570,870 		606 min
10 h 6 min
(1.11.)
606,834 		540 min
8 h 60 min
(30.11.)
540,900 		27.4 %
156,414
Dec 149 min
2 h 29 min 		527 min
8 h 47 min
527,913 		538 min
8 h 58 min
(1.12.)
538,902 		523 min
8 h 43 min
(21.12.)
523,917 		28.3 %
149,378
Year 353 min
5 h 53 min 		732 min
12 h 12 min
732,708 		938 min
15 h 38 min
(19. 6.)
938,502 		523 min
8 h 43 min
(20. 12.)
523,917 		48.2 %
353,379



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day
(min/day) 445 270 350 43.3%
350,458 		543 491 511 57.1%
511,384 		346 156 254 38.7%
254,403 		233 149 187 33.1%
187,379
Day length 924 670 808 938 797 895 794 540 657 667 523 566

Day length
+

Max day length Min day length
Jan 550 min
9 h 10 min
550,890 		582 min
9 h 42 min
(Array.1.)
582,858 		527 min
8 h 47 min
(1.1.)
527,913
Feb 625 min
10 h 25 min
625,815 		667 min
11 h 7 min
(Array.2.)
667,773 		585 min
9 h 45 min
(1.2.)
585,855
Mar 718 min
11 h 58 min
718,722 		765 min
12 h 45 min
(Array.3.)
765,675 		670 min
11 h 10 min
(1.3.)
670,770
Apr 813 min
13 h 33 min
813,627 		856 min
14 h 16 min
(Array.4.)
856,584 		769 min
12 h 49 min
(1.4.)
769,671
May 894 min
14 h 54 min
894,546 		924 min
15 h 24 min
(Array.5.)
924,516 		858 min
14 h 18 min
(1.5.)
858,582
Jun 935 min
15 h 35 min
935,505 		938 min
15 h 38 min
(Array.6.)
938,502 		925 min
15 h 25 min
(1.6.)
925,515
Jul 913 min
15 h 13 min
913,527 		934 min
15 h 34 min
(Array.7.)
934,506 		883 min
14 h 43 min
(31.7.)
883,557
Aug 840 min
14 h 0 min
840,600 		881 min
14 h 41 min
(Array.8.)
881,559 		797 min
13 h 17 min
(31.8.)
797,643
Sep 749 min
12 h 29 min
749,691 		794 min
13 h 14 min
(Array.9.)
794,646 		703 min
11 h 43 min
(30.9.)
703,737
Oct 654 min
10 h 54 min
654,786 		700 min
11 h 40 min
(Array.10.)
700,740 		609 min
10 h 9 min
(31.10.)
609,831
Nov 570 min
9 h 30 min
570,870 		606 min
10 h 6 min
(Array.11.)
606,834 		540 min
8 h 60 min
(30.11.)
540,900
Dec 527 min
8 h 47 min
527,913 		538 min
8 h 58 min
(Array.12.)
538,902 		523 min
8 h 43 min
(21.12.)
523,917
Year 732 min
12 h 12 min
732,708 		938 min
15 h 38 min
(21. 6.)
938,502 		523 min
8 h 43 min
(22. 12.)
523,917



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average
Day length 924 670 808 938 797 895 794 540 657 667 523 566

Units






Design

Choose design...

Units

Language